Epidural Catheter Analgesia

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Epidural Catheter Analgesia

Epidural Catheter Analgesia When most people hear the word epidural they think of what is administered to a woman for pain control before she delivers her baby. However, epidural simply…

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Patient-controlled Analgesia

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Patient-controlled Analgesia

Patient-controlled Analgesia Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was first used in 1971. PCA is a way of delivering pain medication via a programmable (IV) infusion device (Fig. 16-1). The PCA machine which…

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Opioids

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Opioids

Opioids An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. Opiates activate receptors that modulate our perception of painful stimuli (nocioceptive pain). Opiates act within…

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Muscle Relaxants

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Muscle Relaxants

Muscle Relaxants Muscle relaxants are broadly classified into two categories: Those that act peripherally at the muscle itself and those that act in the central nervous system (CNS). Muscle relaxants…

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Topical Pain Medications

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Topical Pain Medications

Topical Pain Medications Local anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the neurolytic substance capsaicin are three commonly used topical pain medications. These topical medications provide localized relief, targeting tissue on…

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Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Acetaminophen is commonly known as Tylenol in the United States and as Paracetamol in Europe. It is used to treat a variety of painful conditions. Its method of…

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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Aug 29, 2016 by in Uncategorized Comments Off on Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by blocking inflammation at the site of pathology and by altering pain perception in the central nervous system (CNS). Peripherally, cyclooxygenase is…

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