Anesthesia Key

Figure 17.1. Nasal airway anesthesia. Cotton pledgets soaked with anesthetic are inserted along the inferior and middle turbinates to produce anesthesia of the underlying sphenopalatine ganglion by transmembrane diffusion of…

Figure 18.1. Cutaneous innervation of the head and face. The posterior half of the head is innervated by branches from the dorsal rami of the C2 spinal nerves. The face…

Figure 22.1. Extent and duration of subarachnoid anesthesia with 40 mg lidocaine or 2-chloroprocaine in volunteers. (Adapted from Kouri ME, Kopacz DJ. Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: a comparison with lidocaine in volunteers….

Figure 19.1. Anatomy of deep cervical plexus block. The transverse processes lie under the lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, each with a distal trough or sulcus that defines the…

Figure 9.1. Landmarks for intercostal block. The inferior borders of the ribs are identified at their most prominent point on the back. The marks usually lie along a line that…

Figure 5.1. The three-ring (“control”) syringe. This adaptation to the plunger of a standard 10-mL syringe allows greater control of injection, easier aspiration, and the opportunity to refill the syringe…

Figure 3.1. Lack of correlation between patient weight and peak plasma concentration after epidural administration of 400 mg of lignocaine. This same lack of a relationship between patient weight and…

Figure 10.1. Relationship between the spinous processes, transverse processes, and spinal nerves in the lumbar and thoracic spine. The lumbar spinal nerves course caudad to the transverse process of the…

Figure 13.1. Technique for intravenous regional anesthesia. A small intravenous catheter is placed in the hand and the tourniquet is applied to the upper arm. A single tourniquet may be…

Figure 1.1. Typical structures of local ester and amine anesthetic molecules.   where pH is the solution or tissue pH and pKa is the pH at which half the local…