Lung transplantation is a high-risk procedure that requires a highly trained cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and a considerable degree of vigilance. In the 50 years since the first lung transplantation, improvements in…

Lung transplantation is a viable alternative for end-stage lung diseases, which offers good quality of life and survival outcomes for recipients. The aims of pre-assessment for potential lung transplant recipients…

The use of long- and short-term mechanical circulatory support in the form of ventricular assist device (VAD) has increased over the last decade. Although cardiothoracic anesthesiologists care for these patients…

Heart transplant recipients are at risk for a number of post-transplantation complications such as graft dysfunction, rejection, and infection. The rates of many complications are decreasing over time, and prognosis…

Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage heart failure. Over the years, significant advances in patient selection, donor optimization and selection, and optimization of immunosuppression strategies…

Heart failure (HF) currently affects more than 5 million patients in the United States [1]. Advanced HF is associated with high mortality and poor quality of life. It is estimated…

Long-term management of end-stage lung disease differs from interstitial lung disease to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to cystic fibrosis to pulmonary vascular disease. The management includes pharmacological therapy that is…

End-stage heart failure manifests as severe and often relentless symptoms that define the clinical syndrome of heart failure, namely congestion and hypoperfusion. These patients suffer from dyspnea, fatigue, abdominal discomfort,…

Transplantation is sadly a therapy to die for. The survival of a recipient with end-stage heart or lung disease requires the demise of a human being through brain death or…