Compartment Syndrome
where LBF is local blood flow, PV is local venous pressure, PA is local arterial pressure, and R is local resistance. Normal myocyte metabolism requires a 5–7 mm Hg oxygen…
CRITICAL CARE
Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Trauma Patients
Fig. 6.1 Stress and stress reaction. ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH antidiuretic hormone Activation of the sympathoadrenergic system with release of catecholamines is an immediate and active response to the stressor;…
Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections
Gram-positive aerobic bacteria Gram-negative aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Marine vibrio Group A Streptococcus Escherichia coli Bacteroides sp. Vibrio vulnificus Group B Streptococcus Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. Clostridium sp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Peptostreptococcus…
Polytrauma: Pathophysiology, Priorities, and Management
Fig. 5.1 Traumatic and interventional antigenic load on the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar epithelium in severe trauma conditions By releasing these substances, a cascade of local and systemic defense mechanisms…
Treatment Principles of Nonunion
17.12.3.2 Case 2 A 47 year old man fell from his bike and sustained a distal tibia and fibula fracture. The patient was treated with unreamed intramedullary nailing and developed…
Systemic Infections and Sepsis
Fig. 8.1 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome after polytrauma Cytokines are polypeptides and act in a para- or autocrine manner. They are capable of exerting many effects on an array of…
Prehospital Trauma Care
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guideline: Key recommendations for airway [1] Grade (GoR) Emergency medical services personnel must be regularly trained in emergency anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, and alternative ways of securing…
Muscle Injuries
Hans-Jörg Oestern, Otmar Trentz and Selman Uranues (eds.)European Manual of MedicineGeneral Trauma Care and Related Aspects2014Trauma Surgery II10.1007/978-3-540-88124-7_15 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 15. Muscle Injuries Kuno Weise1 (1) Medizinisches Begutachtungsinstitut, em. o. Prof. Eberhard Karls Universität…
Trauma Care Systems
Author(s) Journal Title Conclusion Jurkovich and Mock [3] J Trauma, 1999 Systematic review of trauma system effectiveness based on registry comparisons Eight of 11 articles reviewed (period 1987–1997) provided comparable…
Trauma Scores
Fig. 3.1 Association of Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) with hospital mortality. Results are based on 88,480 patients from the TraumaRegister German Society for Trauma…
