Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery Todd J. Smaka Timothy E. Miller Michael P. Hutchens Katie Schenning Lee A. Fleisher Tong J. Gan David A. Lubarsky Key Points The anesthesiologist may have…

Anesthesia for Neurosurgery Armagan Dagal Arthur M. Lam Key Points Anatomically, blood flow to the normal brain is supplied by the two carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. Collateral circulation is…

Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia Christopher M. Bernards Lucy S. Hostetter Key Points Clinicians must develop a three-dimensional mental picture of the spinal anatomy so that when they contact bony structures…

Commonly Used Monitoring Techniques Christopher W. Connor Key Points The purpose of monitoring equipment is to augment the situational awareness of the anesthesiologist by providing clinical data either more rapidly…

Ambulatory Anesthesia J. Lance Lichtor Key Points Procedures appropriate for ambulatory surgery are those associated with postoperative care that is easily managed at home and with low rates of postoperative…

Anesthesia for the Older Patient G. Alec Rooke Key Points The aging of America presents a medical and economic challenge to the entire health care system as older patients present…

Patient Positioning and Potential Injuries Mary E. Warner Key Points Sedated or anesthetized patients should be placed in positions that are comfortable while they are awake. Padding provided by any…

Nonoperating Room Anesthesia (NORA) Karen J. Souter Andrew J. Pittaway Key Points Nonoperating room (NOR) locations are remote from a hospital’s main operating room sites. A significant number of the…

Office-Based Anesthesia Laurence M. Hausman Meg A. Rosenblatt Key Points An office-based anesthetic is defined as an anesthetic that is performed in an outpatient venue such as an office or…

Inhaled Anesthetics Thomas J. Ebert Larry LindenbauM Key Points At equilibrium, the CNS partial pressure of inhaled anesthetics equals their arterial partial pressure, which in turn equals their alveolar partial…