CHAPTER 2 Respiratory system Assessing The Airway During routine anaesthesia, the incidence of difficult tracheal intubation (≥3 attempts at intubation or >10 min to accomplish it) has been estimated as…

Chapter 12 Equipment Anaesthetic Equipment Gases Cylinders Gas cylinders are manufactured from chromium molybdenum steel as a seamless tube. Colours. Conform to International Standards Organization (Table 12.1). Table 12.1 Gas…

Chapter 9 Paediatrics General Paediatrics Definitions • Neonate – first 28 days of life or <44 weeks post-conception • Infant – 1 month to 1 year • Child – >1…

Chapter 3 Neurology Neurology and neuromuscular disorders Epilepsy Affects 1/200 of the general population. Continue anticonvulsants perioperatively. Anaesthetic problems • Enzyme induction. Chronic medication induces hepatic enzymes with resistance to…

1 Cardiovascular system Anaesthesia and cardiac disease New York Heart Association classification of cardiovascular disease • I Normal cardiac output. Asymptomatic on heavy exertion • II Normal cardiac output. Symptomatic…

Chapter 4 Other systems Dental anaesthesia The first dental GA was given by Cotton and Wells in 1844. Currently, 300 000 dental GAs are given per annum (70% children) and,…

Chapter 10 Pain Pain assessment Observation of the patient Behavioural • Time to sit/stand • General activity • Time to get in/out of bed. Analgesic requirements • Time to first…

CHAPTER 5 Metabolism Endocrinology Diabetes Prevalence is increasing throughout the world, partly related to increasing obesity. Better glycaemic control has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality. The World Health…

Chapter 13 Reports Anaesthetic Guidelines Guidelines of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland HIV and Other Blood Borne Viruses 1992 See ‘General topics’, p. 192. Immediate Post-Anaesthetic…

CHAPTER 8 Obstetrics Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy A total of 1% of patients require GA during pregnancy. In the first trimester, there is a risk of organogenesis; in…