B Autonomic hyperreflexia and dysautonomia Definition Autonomic dysreflexia (or autonomic hyperreflexia) is a disorder that appears after resolution of spinal shock. Incidence and prevalence The incidence and prevalence depend on…

A Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Definition Dementia is the clinical syndrome characterized by acquired persistent impairment of cognitive and emotional abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and quality…

G Peripheral vascular disease Definition Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an inflammatory disease of the peripheral vasculature. As the lumen of the vessel decreases in diameter, increases in resistance to…

A Cardiomyopathy Definition Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium that are characterized by myocardial dysfunction. They ultimately affect contractile function, and life-threatening congestive heart failure (CHF) is common to all…

↓, Decreased; ↑, increased; →, therefore; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MvO2, myocardial venous oxygen; N, nitroglycerin; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; SR, sinus rhythm

B Coronary artery disease Definition Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease state that involves narrowing of the coronary arteries. Incidence Coronary heart disease caused about one of every…

DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure;. From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on…

F Pericardial disease This section focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and anesthetic implications of three primary pericardial disease processes: acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. The pericardium surrounds…

E Myocardial infarction Definition Myocardial infarction or myocardial cell death occurs when a portion of heart muscle is deprived of its blood supply as a result of blockage, acute thrombosis,…