Aspiration pneumonia
B Aspiration pneumonia Definition Two entirely separate clinical aspiration disorders exist. One occurs after the aspiration of solid food and produces a picture of laryngeal or bronchial obstruction, an the…
ANESTHESIA
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
A Adult respiratory distress syndrome Definition The term acute respiratory failure is often used synonymously with acute (formerly adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS may be caused by or…
Urolithiasis
C Urolithiasis Definition Urolithiasis, or “kidney stones,” refers to the presence of calculi, typically composed of calcium oxalate, in the urinary system. These calculi result from hypercalcemia or hyperoxaluria. Other…
renal disease
Primary renal disease Failure classified according to urine flow rates is known as oliguric, nonoliguric, or polyuric failure. Oliguria is defined as a urinary flow rate less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr…
Chronic renal failure
Minimal changes in renal hemodynamics Presence of peripheral neuropathyTendency for bleedingPatient anxietyProlonged proceduresHypotension with sympathetic block; may cause reluctance to expand volume Inhalation anesthetics Good airway controlBlood pressure controlDuration not…
Acute renal failure
A Acute renal failure Definition Acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis, vasomotor neuropathy, lower nephron necrosis) is defined as the sudden inability of the kidneys to vary urine volume and…
Rheumatoid arthritis
I Rheumatoid arthritis Definition Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthropathy with myriad degrees of systemic involvement. The disease is multifactorial, and the clinical picture varies widely in severity,…
Pectus deformities
H Pectus deformities Pectus excavatum Definition Pectus excavatum, also referred to as funnel chest, is the most common chest wall deformity, occurring in one in 400 children. Pathophysiology Pectus excavatum…
Myotonic dystrophy
G Myotonic dystrophy Definition The myotonias are a group of hereditary degenerative muscle diseases that include myotonic dystrophy, myotonia congenita (Thomsen disease), and paramyotonia congenita. A symptom common to all…
Myasthenia gravis
F Myasthenia gravis Definition Myasthenia gravis, a chronic disease of the neuromuscular junction, is manifested by increasing skeletal muscle weakness, fatigability on effort, and at least partial restoration of function…
