A Acute renal failure
Definition
Acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis, vasomotor neuropathy, lower nephron necrosis) is defined as the sudden inability of the kidneys to vary urine volume and content appropriately in response to homeostatic needs.
Pathophysiology
Acute renal failure is classified according to its predominant cause or on the basis of urine flow rates. The cause of acute renal failure has prerenal, renal, or postrenal origins. Prerenal failure results from hemodynamic or endocrine factors that impair renal perfusion, renal failure results from tissue damage, and postrenal failure results from urinary tract obstruction. Prerenal or postrenal failure is reversed with attention to hemodynamics or relief of obstruction. Acute renal failure caused by parenchymal disease or damage is more serious and often requires hemodialysis. Common causes are listed below.
Common causes of acute renal failure
