Pediatric intravenous fluid and blood therapy
c) Preoperative fluid deficits develop during the period of time in which the child has not received oral or IV maintenance fluids. d) The preoperative fluid deficit is calculated by determining the…
Pediatric pharmacologic considerations
2. Volume of drug distribution a) Infants have a larger extracellular fluid compartment and greater TBW content. b) There is a greater adipose content and a higher ratio of water to lipid. Fat…
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Modified from Roizen MF, Beaupre PN, Alpert RA, et al. Monitoring with two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: comparison of myocardial function in patients undergoing supraceliac, suprarenal-infraceliac, or infrarenal aortic occlusion. J Vasc…
Preoperative assessment
CNS, central nervous system; FO, foramen ovale; G/A, general anesthesia; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RPO, retinopathy of prematurity; V./Q., ventilation/perfusion. 5. System review and examination a) When performing a physical assessment, one…
Operating room fire
C Operating room fire 1. Introduction a) Fires in the operating room are a relatively rare event. The classic fire triangle requires the presence of three elements: fuel, an ignition source, and…
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
G Thoracic aortic aneurysm 1. Introduction The mortality rate associated with thoracic aneurysms is well established. Patients with aortic dissections have only a 3-month survival time if they do not undergo…
Adverse cognitive impairment
A Adverse cognitive impairment 1. Introduction Impairments in cognitive functioning from disturbances in the brain’s physiology can easily occur in the surgical patient. Neurologic impairment can be devastating in postanesthesia patients…
Portosystemic shunts
F Portosystemic shunts 1. Introduction Portosystemic shunt procedures are performed to prevent or cease variceal hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension in patients with liver disease, cirrhosis, ascites, and hypersplenism. The redistribution…
