K Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy 1. Introduction     Children may present for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy with a history of recurrent infections (chronic tonsillitis) or a history of obstruction and sleep apnea. 2. Preoperative assessment…

G Pediatric regional anesthesia 1. Introduction a) Regional anesthesia provides perioperative analgesia (minimizing the risk of respiratory depression), modifies the metabolic responses to anesthesia and surgery, and improves patient outcome.

IM, Intramuscular; IV, intravenous; PO, oral; PR, rectal. 7. Monitoring a) Patient blood pressure and heart rate are monitored for the assessment of the cardiovascular system. b) Pulse oximetry and capnography are used…

H Upper extremity arthroplasty 1. Introduction     Arthroplasty in the upper extremity makes up a low percentage of the number of joint arthroplasties performed each year. Of the two more commonly replaced…

Adapted from American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma. Shock. In American College of Surgeons, ed. Advanced trauma life support course for physicians. 7th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons;…

G Pelvic reconstruction 1. Introduction     Pelvic reconstruction is a surgical procedure that involves open reduction of pelvic fractures, which are then maintained by the application of plates and screws. Bone grafting…

F Knee (total knee replacement) arthroplasty 1. Introduction     Total knee arthroplasty is the other frequently performed joint replacement procedure. A pneumatic tourniquet is typically used to provide a relatively bloodless surgical…

E Hip pinning (open reduction and internal fixation) 1. Introduction     Hip pinning involves the open reduction of a hip fracture that is maintained by the application of plates and screws (internal…

D Hip arthroplasty 1. Introduction     The replacement of joint surfaces is required primarily for inflammatory or degenerative conditions within the joint, such as those accompanying rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis from degeneration…