F Portosystemic shunts 1. Introduction Portosystemic shunt procedures are performed to prevent or cease variceal hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension in patients with liver disease, cirrhosis, ascites, and hypersplenism. The redistribution…
D Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair 1. Introduction In 1991, the first endovascular stent was performed to repair an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The development of this technique has created a less invasive…
B Aortobifemoral bypass grafting 1. Introduction Aortobifemoral bypass grafting is commonly performed to correct symptomatic unilateral iliac occlusive disease, which generally occurs in men older than 55 years. 2. Preoperative assessment and…
C Carotid endarterectomy 1. Introduction Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are the third leading cause of death in the United States and account for a yearly cost of $14 billion in medical…
E Magnetic resonance imaging 1. Introduction MRI uses the dipole moment (the ability of the atomic nucleus to behave as a magnet) of the hydrogen atom. The patient is placed supine…
D Interventional radiology, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and interventional neuroradiology 1. Introduction Interventional radiology (IR) involves minimally invasive procedures and therapies performed by radiologists, especially in patients at high medical risk. Major…
C Gastroenterologic procedures: Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 1. Introduction Endoscopy for gastrointestinal procedures is the use of a flexible fiberoptic endoscope that transmits brilliant, coherent, high-resolution, magnified, direct visual…
C Anesthetic considerations for selected cases Pyloric stenosis 1. Introduction Pyloric stenosis is an obstructive lesion, characterized by the “olive-shaped” enlargement of the pylorus muscle. It is a common gastrointestinal anomaly,…
A Brachytherapy 1. Introduction Palladium-103 prostate implants are being used for brachytherapy as an optional treatment for prostate cancer. The sources are permanently implanted directly into the tissue. The seeds are…
B Regional anesthesia in neonates 1. Introduction a) Regional anesthesia in neonates is an acceptable option when the risks of complications during or after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation are very high…
