Diabetes Mellitus Intraoperative: Keep blood sugar below 180 mg/dL but avoid hypoglycemia as well. Hyperglycemia increases the risk of infection, risk of poor wound healing, and mortality. For common perioperative…
Laboratory evaluation: Laboratory signs of dehydration may include a rising hematocrit (acute blood loss will not result in an acute change of hematocrit), metabolic acidosis, a urinary specific gravity…
Data from The American Heart Association BLS and ACLS Guidelines 2010 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2010:122;S729–S767. Pulseless Electrical Activity and Asystole Causes: Hs and Ts. Hypoxia,…
(Adapted from Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery. Ann Surg 2008; 248:189–198, with permission) Perioperative Elements Contributing to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)…
Anesthetic Agents and Cerebral Physiology Overall, most general anesthetics have a favorable effect on the central nervous system (CNS) by reducing electrical activity. The effects however depend on the type…
Postoperative Shivering Causes of postoperative shivering: Shivering may occur because of hypothermia or the aftereffects of general anesthetic agents. It is also common in postpartum patients. Shivering is the…
Anatomic Approach Midline • Depression between spinous processes of the vertebra above and below the level to be used is palpated; this is the needle entry site. • The needle…
Systemic Absorption of Injected Local Anesthetics 1. Depends on vascularity of site of injection: intravenous > tracheal > intercostal > paracervical > epidural > brachial plexus > sciatic > subcutaneous….
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> NUTRITION IN PERIOPERATIVE AND CRITICAL CARE Nutrition Basics • Appropriate nutritional support has been recognized in recent years to be of key importance…
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block An interscalene brachial plexus block is indicated for procedures involving the shoulder and upper arm. Roots C5 to C7 are most densely blocked, and the ulnar…
