16 Neonatal Ventilation Strategies Gerhard K. Wolf Introduction Neonatal lung injury differs from acute lung injury (ALI) in older children and adults in a number of ways. Neonatal respiratory failure…

7 Oxygen Management Concerns About Both Hyperoxia and Hypoxia in Neonates During Critical Care and Intraoperatively Augusto Sola Introduction Many therapies and interventions are not based on proven benefit, but…

11 Myopathies of the Newborn Vincent Hsieh and Phil G. Morgan Introduction The differential diagnosis of hypotonia in newborns and infants is significantly different from that of older pediatric patients….

3 Origin of the NICU Amy Vinson The Lion incubator was invented in 1891, but its approval for use in hospitals lagged behind. The first public use of an incubator…

9 Neonatal Resuscitation Monica E. Kleinman The transition from in utero fetal physiology to the immediate postnatal state involves rapid changes in cardiopulmonary function and metabolic regulation. Among the most…

5 Measures of Carbon Dioxide Lawrence Rhein Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) is an essential indicator of ventilation and respiratory function. PaCO2 represents the balance between production and elimination…

10 Congenital Abnormalities and Syndromes Katherine R. Gentry and Anne M. Lynn This chapter is dedicated to presenting an approach to evaluating neonates with congenital anomalies and a review of…

6 Glucose Control Monica Hoagland Glucose Homeostasis in Neonates Under physiologic conditions, glucose levels are tightly controlled. Glucose loading stimulates insulin, which in turn stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis,…

1 The Term Infant Mary Ellen McCann Introduction The first moment of healthy extrauterine life is usually heralded by a deep breath followed by a cry. Within a few breaths,…

4 Hemodynamics in the Infant Viviane G. Nasr and James A. DiNardo The physiologic changes that occur at birth and continue over the first few days and the first months…