Anesthesia Key

Appendicitis Bruce Minnes Introduction Most common nontraumatic condition requiring emergency abdominal surgery in children and adolescents Missed appendicitis or delays to diagnosis are among the common scenarios resulting in a…

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Leah Harrington Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Hematemesis: bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz Melena: black, tarry stools, bleeding proximal to ileocecal valve Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Hematochezia: bright red…

Abdominal Emergencies Leah Harrington Introduction Abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint to the emergency department Causes: medical vs surgical Etiology varies by age Principles of Management Assess ABCs Fluid…

Constipation Leah Harrington Introduction Constipation: < 3 bowel movements/week, and/or painful passage of hard/large stools Functional constipation: not due to organic, anatomic, or pharmaceutical causes Fecal soiling: stool deposited on…

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders Stephen Freedman Introduction: Fluid Compartments Total body water (TBW) = 67% intracellular fluid (ICF) + 33% extracellular fluid (ECF) ECF = 25% intravascular + 75% interstitial…

Gastroenteritis and Oral Rehydration Leah Harrington Suzan Schneeweiss Introduction Gastroenteritis: diarrheal disease of rapid onset May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain Common cause of abdominal pain…

Syncope Sanjay Mehta Introduction Syncope is defined as temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to an abrupt, transient, and diffuse reversible disturbance of cerebral function Usually a benign…

Pneumonia Sami Al-Farsi Introduction Viruses are a common cause of pneumonia in younger children Most children can be treated as outpatients with full recovery Community-Acquired Pneumonia Definition: Fever and acute…

Asthma Suzanne Schuh Introduction True asthma and viral-induced infant wheezing (usually temporary, few progress to asthma) are difficult to distinguish; acute treatment is identical Occasionally, even asthmatics may develop respiratory…