Urinary Tract Infections Dennis Scolnik Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently throughout childhood Prevalence in first year of life: 6.5% (girls), 3.3% (boys) Prevalence in children: 8.1% (girls), 1.9%…
Appendicitis Bruce Minnes Introduction Most common nontraumatic condition requiring emergency abdominal surgery in children and adolescents Missed appendicitis or delays to diagnosis are among the common scenarios resulting in a…
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Leah Harrington Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Hematemesis: bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz Melena: black, tarry stools, bleeding proximal to ileocecal valve Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Hematochezia: bright red…
Abdominal Emergencies Leah Harrington Introduction Abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint to the emergency department Causes: medical vs surgical Etiology varies by age Principles of Management Assess ABCs Fluid…
Constipation Leah Harrington Introduction Constipation: < 3 bowel movements/week, and/or painful passage of hard/large stools Functional constipation: not due to organic, anatomic, or pharmaceutical causes Fecal soiling: stool deposited on…
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders Stephen Freedman Introduction: Fluid Compartments Total body water (TBW) = 67% intracellular fluid (ICF) + 33% extracellular fluid (ECF) ECF = 25% intravascular + 75% interstitial…
Gastroenteritis and Oral Rehydration Leah Harrington Suzan Schneeweiss Introduction Gastroenteritis: diarrheal disease of rapid onset May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain Common cause of abdominal pain…
Cardiac Emergencies Luba Komar Introduction Congenital cardiac diseases often present in the newborn period and may require emergency management (see Chapter 11) Other cardiac emergencies include arrhythmias, myocarditis, and pericarditis…
