Nutritional and Metabolic Therapy
Abstract The field of surgical and critical care nutrition has evolved beyond the basic provision of macronutrients to sustain metabolism into a discipline that treats and modifies disease states with…
Infection, Antimicrobial Drugs, and Anesthesia
Abstract Prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) remains a high priority, particularly as the number of surgical procedures performed continues to increase. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is cost-effective in reducing SSI….
Endocrine Pharmacology
Abstract Dysfunction of the complex physiologic processes of the endocrine systems can lead to significant and potentially life-threatening problems. Administration of exogenous hormones or drugs that mimic or antagonize hormonal…
Intravenous Opioid Agonists and Antagonists
Abstract This chapter reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of intravenous opioids in the context of anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Unique features of commonly used opioids are discussed and the…
Liver and Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Abstract One of the main functions of the liver is to protect the organism against intoxication. The endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells contains enzymes that protect the organism against an…
Endocrine Physiology
Abstract This chapter reviews the normal physiology of the five major endocrine organs relevant to anesthesiology: the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Disturbances in endocrine…
Local Anesthetics
Abstract Local anesthetics are a group of structurally related compounds which share as principal mechanism of action the blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in reversible interruption of nerve signal…
Pulmonary Physiology
Abstract This chapter describes the control systems and mechanisms of air movement into and out of the lungs to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange with blood. Emphasis is…
Nonopioid Analgesics
Abstract The role of nonopioid analgesics have become increasingly important given mounting evidence against the use of opioids in chronic, non-malignant pain. Furthermore, recent Centers for Disease Control guidelines for…
Neuromuscular Blockers and Reversal Drugs
Abstract Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents were introduced into clinical practice more than 60 years ago. Throughout the world, millions of patients receive neuromuscular blocking agents as part of their general…
