Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a type of hemorrhagic stroke due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, affects approximately 30,000 Americans each year and has a mortality rate of nearly 45%….
The morbidity and mortality resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) stem not only from the primary brain damage caused by the initial impact but also from the secondary insults that…
A search of the literature on the management of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) will reveal evidence-based guidelines and consensus-based recommendations supporting intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring ( Table 61-1 )….
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, a core component of critical care monitoring, provides immediate information on the status of the patient’s respiratory system and whether a state of acidosis or…
An imbalance of oxygen delivery and demand with resultant organ dysfunction is the hallmark of critical illness. Measuring oxygen delivery, recognizing tissue hypoperfusion, and monitoring the response to therapeutic interventions…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that is frequently and commonly observed among hospitalized and especially critically ill patients. The incidence of AKI varies based on the criteria used…
The aim of this chapter is to review the evidence surrounding the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. It examines the conventional indications…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with poor outcomes. There is evidence that even minor short-term changes in serum creatinine (i.e.,…
In 1616, William Harvey described the relationship of the right ventricle (RV) to the pulmonary circulation. For many years after that, this cardiac chamber has been underappreciated. Indeed, in 1943,…
Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common rhythm disturbance encountered in postsurgical patients. The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation may be as high as 50% after cardiac surgery, 40% after pneumonectomy,…
