Central Pain States
Abstract Central pain states are common sequelae of spinal cord injury and stroke. Spinal cord injury pain has been classified based on the pain type (nociceptive, neuropathic), the pain subtype…
Postamputation Pain
Abstract Amputation of a limb can lead to both painful and nonpainful sequelae, which occur in a majority of patients. 1.6 million Americans currently experience limb loss, with the prevalence…
Cervicogenic Headache
Abstract Cervicogenic headache is referred pain from cervical structures innervated by the upper three cervical spinal nerves. Cervicogenic headache can be defined as headache that is provoked by neck movement…
Overview of Low Back Pain Disorders
Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is a symptom, not a disease, and is caused by a variety of syndromes afflicting the spine, its constituent neural structures, paraspinal muscles and ligaments,…
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome remains an enigmatic condition to manage due to its diverse etiology, varying clinical course, and lack of definitive treatments that are universally effective. Though there…
Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia
Abstract Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from dorsal sensory or cranial nerve ganglia. The characteristic unilateral dermatomal vesicular rash of herpes zoster heals…
Fibromyalgia and Centralized Pain States
Abstract Fibromyalgia is the prototypical centralized pain disorder with an estimated prevalence between 2% and 8%. Despite the controversy in the medical community, more is known about the mechanisms driving…
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Abstract Myofascial pain (MP) is a soft tissue pain syndrome (STP) with local and referred pain arising from trigger points (TrPs). Local STPs include bursitis, tenosynovitis, and enthesopathies. Regional STPs…
Postmeningeal Puncture Headache and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Abstract Meningeal puncture headache (MPH), commonly known as postdural puncture headache (PDPH), is an orthostatic bilateral headache following meningeal puncture. The headache can be associated with other symptoms, like neck…
Chronic Pain After Surgery
Abstract Most people will require surgery during their lifetime, and, for a significant proportion, this will lead to chronic postsurgical pain. The incidence of chronic pain after surgery varies significantly…
