Surgical Infections
TABLE 84.2 Surviving Sepsis Guidelines for Initial Resuscitation and Infection Control Priorities for Septic Shock and Severe Sepsis PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SURGICAL INFECTIONS In many respects, the diagnosis and treatment of…
Fetal Monitoring Concerns
FIGURE 81.1 Reactive nonstress test. This nonstress test is reassuring, indicating fetal well-being. Fetal heart rate decelerations can also be appreciated on an NST or during continuous fetal monitoring during…
Molecular and Metabolic Perspectives on Genetics in the ICU
Pharmacogenomic Implication Scenarios Pharmacotherapy in the ICU is often a complex undertaking with patient-specific variables such as severity of illness, comorbid disease, and volume status greatly altering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic…
Acute Hypertension Management in the ICU
TABLE 100.2 Definitions DIAGNOSIS, ETIOLOGY, AND MANIFESTATION Malignant Hypertension The peak incidence of malignant hypertension occurs between the ages of 40 and 50, with risk factors including poor long-term blood…
3 Urinary Tract Infections
Pathophysiology With the exception of distal urethra, the urinary tract is normally sterile. The resistance to UTI is influenced by exposure to uropathogenic bacteria, age, hormonal status, and urine flow…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Intensive Care Unit
Sepsis is an increasingly frequent indication for ICU admission, accounting for 10% to 57% of all admissions for HIV-infected patients during recent years (3–5,9,24). Other commonly reported causes of ICU…
Unusual Infections
Epidemiology Plague is primarily a rural disease that occurs in all continents except Australia (24). Although most common in rural settings in developing nations, sporadic clusters occur regularly in the…
Fungal and Viral Infections
C. albicans is the most common Candida species involved in invasive candidiasis, followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Other species are less common and often associated with…
Substance Abuse and Withdrawal: Alcohol, Cocaine, Opioids, and Other Drugs
Ethanol ingestion may cause acute gastritis and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Alcoholics have an increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease and pancreatitis; acute alcohol intoxication may precipitate alcoholic hepatitis in the…
Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
The risk of infection in corticosteroid-treated patients is related to the dose and duration of therapy (13,14). Those treated with more than 10 to 20 mg/day of prednisone for more…
