Corticosteroid Relative glucocorticoid activity Relative mineralocorticoid activity Equivalent glucocorticoid dose (mg) Plasma half-life (min) Hydrocortisone 1.0 1.0 20 90 Cortisone 0.8 0.8 25 30 Prednisone 4 0.8 5 60 Prednisolone…
Fig. 21.1 Normally, acid secretion is mediated by a negative-feedback mechanism that is activated by lowered gastric pH; this negative-feedback system is mediated by somatostatin, secretin, prostaglandins, and a variety…
Chemical Structure 37.1 Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) Chemical Structure 37.2 Methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine) Chemical Structure 37.3 MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) Chemical Structure 37.4 Heroin (diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate) References 1. Katzung BG. “Drugs of abuse”….
Factors that affect MAC Factors that do not affect MAC Increased MAC Decreased MAC Gender Red hair Elderly patients Duration of anesthesia Hyperthermia Hypothermia Thyroid function Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia Chronic…
Chemical Structure 34.1 Ferrous sulfate Chemical Structure 34.2 Zinc sulfate Chemical Structure 34.3 Calcium carbonate References 1. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th…
Drug class Drug Brand names Dosing option Sulfonylureas Glyburide Regular tablets 1.25–20 mg, 1–2 times/day DiaBeta® Micronized tablets Glynase® PresTab® 1.5–12 mg, 1–2 times /day Glipizide Immediate release Glucotrol® 5–20…
Drug Bolus dose Infusion rate Phenylephrine 100 mcg 1 mcg/kg/min Methoxamine 10 mg NA Norepinephrine 16 mcg 0.1 mcg/kg/min Epinephrine 8 mcg 0.05 mcg/kg/min Metaraminol 5 mg NA Ephedrine 10…
Receptor Location Effect Δ (delta) Brain (pontine nuclei, amygdala, olfactory bulb, deep cortex), peripheral sensory neurons Slight analgesia, physical dependence, antidepressant Κ (kappa) Brain (hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray), spinal cord (substantia…
Drug Common dosing Half-life (h) Time to peak plasma concentration (h) Elimination Short- to intermediate-acting benzodiazepines Alprazolam (Xanax) 0.25–0.5 mg BID–TID for anxiety; maximum 4 mg/day 11.2 (6.3–26.9) 1–2 Renal…
Supplement Typical usage Pharmacology Vitamin A Cataracts Fat-soluble vitamin which supports cell growth and immune function [12] Glaucoma Improving vision Skin conditions B vitamins Fatigue Supports various bodily functions (i.e.,…
