Lipid-Lowering Agents
Fig. 48.1 Acetyl-CoA pathway to its end points Drug Classes Statins Statins are the gold standard for lowering cholesterol. This class of medications was originally created through extraction from a…
New Vistas in Neuromuscular Blockers
Fig. 52.1 The chemical structures of gantacurium (a) and CW002 (b). The chlorine (a, red circle) substituted at the olefinic double bond of gantacurium was designed to accelerate the inactivation…
Patient-Controlled Analgesia: The Importance of Effector Site Pharmacokinetics
Opioid Metabolic pathway Major metabolites Analgesic activity Adverse effect Morphine UGTB27 M3G N Nausea, neuroexcitatory effects M6G Y Prolonged duration especially with renal insufficiency Fentanyl CYP3A4 Norfentanyl N n/a Hydromorphone…
Asthma and COPD Agents
Severity Characteristics Therapies Intermittent – mild Daytime symptoms ≤2×/week Short-acting β2 agonist Nocturnal awakenings ≤2×/month Use SABA ≤2×/week FEV1 or PEF ≥80 % predicted Asymptomatic between exacerbations 0 –1 exacerbations/year requiring…
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Chemical Structure 23.1 Amphetamine (Adderall) Chemical Structure 23.2 Modafinil (Provigil) Chemical Structure 23.3 Armodafinil (Nuvigil) Chemical Structure 23.4 Caffeine Chemical Structure 23.5 Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Chemical Structure 23.6 Atomoxetine (Strattera) HCl…
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Fig. 31.1 Four phases of cell division (Source: Brunton et al. [3]. Copyright © McGraw Hill Companies, Inc) Antimetabolites (S-Phase) Antimetabolite drugs are also referred to as nucleic acid synthesis…
Cardiac Surgery
Because the AT-III level recovery varies, thus 20 min after infusion of initial dose, recheck AT-III level and recalculate the additional dose necessary to correct AT-III deficiency. Then it is…
Obstetrics
Glycopyrrolate Heparin Insulin Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker Succinylcholine This chapter will also discuss many pharmacologic therapies for the pregnant patient. Local anesthetics and opioids are the foundation of most neuraxial techniques…
Psychopharmacologic Agents and Psychiatric Drug Considerations
Class Generic (trade) names Common side effects and special points SSRIs Citalopram (Celexa, Cipram, Cipramil, Serostat) SSRIs are safer when overdosed Escitalopram (Lexapro) GI: nausea, diarrhea, headache Fluvoxamine (Dumirox, Faverin,…
New Vistas in Anesthetics, IV Induction Agents
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Agents Etomidate, propofol Ketamine, nitrous oxide, xenon, cyclopropane Barbiturates, halo alkyls Actions Potent hypnotics Potent analgesics Potent hypnotics Weak immobilizers Weak hypnotics Potent…
