BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LUNG ABSCESS, AND EMPYEMA Bronchitis BASICS Infection of the conducting airways of the lung (bronchial inflammation) ETIOLOGY Generally viral (influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS…
FACIAL TRAUMA Mandibular Fracture BASICS Most commonly caused by assault or motor vehicle crash SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Malocclusion Floor of mouth ecchymosis Lower lip/chin paresthesias DIAGNOSTICS X-ray two views or…
BELL’S PALSY BASICS Unilateral (sometimes bilateral) motor dysfunction of cranial nerve (CN) VII ETIOLOGY Associated with pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, trauma, infection, neoplasm, Lyme disease, herpes simplex virus SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS…
ABUSE Elder Abuse and Neglect BASICS Neglect or failure of the individual responsible to provide needs and protection to a vulnerable person Considered elder abuse in patients >60 years old…
BACK PAIN Cauda Equina BASICS Compression of lumbar and sacral nerve ETIOLOGY Most commonly from tumor or disc herniation SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Back pain Bowel or bladder dysfunction (urinary retention,…
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY BASICS Pregnancy located outside the uterus • Fallopian tube ectopic (outer one-third most common) • Cervical and extrauterine ectopic (rare) ETIOLOGY Conditions that block the fallopian tube • History of sexually…
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE BASICS A rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine ETIOLOGY Prerenal • Volume depletion, heart failure, liver failure, sepsis, burns, bilateral renal artery stenosis, drugs (nonsteroidal…
AIRWAY MANAGEMENT Indications for Intubation BASICS Failure to oxygenate or ventilate Failure to protect airway Anticipated clinical course Rapid Sequence Intubation BASICS Preoxygenate Pretreat • Lidocaine if reactive airway disease or…
ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY, SALICYLATES, NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS Acetaminophen BASICS Common drugs: Tylenol Acetaminophen poisoning has become the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States Pediatric toxicity >250…
POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS BASICS Infectious bodily fluids • Blood • Cerebrospinal fluid • Semen • Vaginal fluid • Amniotic fluid • Pericardial, peritoneal, pleural, synovial fluids Noninfectious bodily fluids (unless contaminated with blood) • Tears, saliva, sweat, feces,…
