Ventilation
Preoxygenate patient and induce general anesthesia. Place nasal part of mask on nose and lever mask down on face. A. Preoxygenation and induction of anesthesia should proceed as previously described…
of Peripheral IV
Apply a tourniquet tightly to the arm. Sterile prep with alcohol. Place a small local anesthetic wheal proximal to the IV site. A. A tourniquet is applied tightly to the…
Mask Airway Insertion
Assemble equipment, deflate LMA cuff with air syringe. Lubricate LMA cuff. A. Assemble the components necessary for LMA insertion. Deflate the LMA cuff accordingto the manufacturer’s guidelines so that the…
Crichothyroidotomy
Puncture cricothyroid membrane (CTM) with a needle attached to a 5 mL syringe. Confirm tracheal entry by aspirating air into the syringe. A. The cricothyroid membrane is identified by palpation…
Intubation
Assemble equipment for airway manipulation and intubation. Explain the procedure and reassure patient. Induce general anesthesia (see Induction of anesthesia cognitive aid). Place patient in “sniffing” position. A. Assemble the…
Artery Catheterization
Place the wrist in extension as shown. Wrist splints can assist with proper positioning. Palpate the radial artery pulse using the fingertips of your non-dominant hand. A. Place the wrist…
The Approach to the Pediatric Neurosurgical Patient
FIGURE 15.1 Variation in body composition with age. Neonates have elevated total body water content relative to adults, but reduced fat and muscle stores. b. Muscle mass is less than…
Air Embolism
B. Sitting or semi-sitting craniotomy is the classic procedure associated with VAE. This is the result of having not only an elevated position of surgery, but also due to the…
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
FIGURE 27.1 Intracranial pressure (ICP)–volume curve. The curve has three parts: A flat part representing good compensatory reserve (A–B), an exponential part representing reduced compensatory reserve (B–C), and a final…
Fluid Management During Neurosurgical Procedures
The [Na+] is multiplied by 2 to account for the accompanying anions (mostly chloride and bicarbonate) that provide electroneutrality. The corrections in the glucose concentration and BUN are to convert…
