H Radical prostatectomy 1. Introduction Open prostatectomy refers to removal of the prostate with or without the prostatic capsule. Several surgical approaches may be used, including suprapubic, transvesical, retropubic, perineal, and…
F Penile procedures 1. Introduction Penile procedures are commonly performed for the following three indications: (1) to repair congenital defects such as hypospadias (typically a pediatric procedure), which is usually a…
E Laparoscopic urologic surgery 1. Introduction Laparoscopy is the process of inspecting the abdominal cavity through an endoscope. Some examples of surgical procedures that can be done laparoscopically include varicocelectomy, percutaneous…
D Laparoscopic nephrectomy 1. Introduction Indications for nephrectomy include calculus, hemorrhage, hydronephrosis, hypertension, neoplasms, transplantation, trauma, chronic infection, and vascular disease. Partial nephrectomy is performed to preserve as much renal function…
C Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 1. Introduction Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique that uses high-energy shock waves to fragment renal calculi into small particles. A biplanar fluoroscopy unit is…
B Cystoscopy 1. Introduction Cystoscopy is the use of instrumentation to examine the urinary tract. A cystoscope may be used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as for workup of hematuria,…
A Cystectomy 1. Introduction The bladder is usually removed for cancer but may also be removed for severe hemorrhagic or radiation cystitis. In a radical cystectomy for invasive cancer in women,…
R Whipple resection 1. Introduction Whipple resection consists of a pancreatoduodenectomy, pancreatojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy. On entering the peritoneal cavity, the surgeon determines the resectability of the pancreatic lesion. Contraindications to…
Q Splenectomy 1. Introduction Patients presenting for splenectomy can be divided into two groups: trauma patients and patients with myeloproliferative disorders and other varieties of hypersplenism. Anesthetic management is individualized based…
