P Small bowel resection 1. Introduction Small bowel resection is performed for various diseases, including intestinal obstruction, small bowel tumors, abdominal trauma, stricture, adhesions, Meckel’s diverticulum, Crohn’s disease, and infection. 2. Preoperative…
N Liver transplantation 1. Introduction Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with acute and chronic end-stage liver disease. The liver transplant operation can be divided into three stages:…
O Pancreatectomy 1. Introduction Whereas distal pancreatectomy is performed for tumors in the distal half of the pancreas, subtotal pancreatectomy involves resection of the pancreas from the mesenteric vessels distally, leaving…
M Liver resection 1. Introduction Patients presenting for hepatic surgery may have primary or metastatic tumors from gastrointestinal and other sources. Liver function may be entirely normal in these patients. Hepatocellular…
L Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1. Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used in the treatment of gallstones and diseases of the gallbladder. The laparoscopic approach is contraindicated in uncorrectable…
K Laparoscopic appendectomy 1. Introduction Appendectomy is performed for acute appendicitis, and a laparoscopic approach is most commonly used. 2. Preoperative assessment and patient preparation a) History and physical examination (1) Gastrointestinal: Patients point…
J Herniorrhaphy 1. Introduction Inguinal hernias are defects in the transverse abdominal layer; a direct hernia comes through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and an indirect hernia comes through…
H Gastrostomy 1. Introduction A gastrostomy involves the placement of a semipermanent tube through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach. These tubes are used for gastric decompression or for feeding….
I Hemorrhoidectomy 1. Introduction Hemorrhoids are masses of vascular tissue found in the anal canal. Internal hemorrhoids are found above the pectinate line, arise from the superior hemorrhoidal venous plexus, and…
