Anesthesia Key

R Radical neck dissection 1. Introduction     Radical neck dissection is required when cancerous tumors have invaded the musculature and other structures of the head and neck. These tumors are often friable…

Q Ptosis surgery 1. Introduction     If ptosis is severe, the function of the levator palpebrae is poor. Most frequently, ptosis surgery involves shortening or reattaching the muscle at its site of…

O Orbital fractures 1. Introduction     Surgical access to the orbit may be needed to repair orbital fractures. The orbit may be divided into several compartments, including the peripheral surgical space, subperiosteal…

P Orthognathic surgery 1. Introduction     Orthopedic orthognathic procedures often require a sagittal splitting of the mandible to move the lower jaw either forward or back. A Le Fort I or Le…

N Open-eye procedures 1. Introduction     Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between production and drainage of aqueous humor and by changes in choroidal blood volume. Resistance to outflow of aqueous…

M Nasal surgery 1. Introduction     Nasal surgery is often performed to restore the caliber of the nasal airway or for cosmetic purposes. Whether for rhinoplasty, septoplasty, or septorhinoplasty, the nasal cavity…

L Myringotomy and tube placement 1. Introduction     A myringotomy allows the pressure to equalize between the middle ear and the atmosphere, reducing the pressure in the middle ear compartment. Simple tubes…

K Maxillofacial trauma 1. Introduction     Traumatic disruption of the bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissues of the face and upper airway challenge the anesthesia provider to recognize the nature and extent of…

J Le fort procedures 1. Introduction a) The usual preoperative diagnosis for patients with maxillary fractures is facial trauma. Le Fort fractures are frequently associated with other skull fractures, zygoma fractures, and…