O Orbital fractures
Surgical access to the orbit may be needed to repair orbital fractures. The orbit may be divided into several compartments, including the peripheral surgical space, subperiosteal space, central surgical space, and subtenon space. The approach for orbital wall fractures depends on the location and the pathologic process involved. The common approach to these fractures is the transperiosteal or extraperiosteal approach. A skin incision is made in the desired quadrant just outside the orbital rim. The periosteum is identified and incised and is then resected from the wall and orbital margin.
2. Preoperative assessment and patient preparation
a) History and physical examination: Patients are usually healthy aside from the underlying trauma. Evaluation should focus on any coexisting disease and systemic manifestations of the trauma.
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