Anesthesia Key

D Cranioplasty 1. Introduction     Cranioplasty can be performed for a bony tumor resulting from traumatic injury (e.g., depressed skull fracture) or, more rarely, from a condition resulting from a congenital malformation…

C Cerebral aneurysm 1. Introduction     Cerebral aneurysms are abnormal, localized dilations of the intracranial arteries. They are classified as berry or saccular, mycotic, traumatic, fusiform, neoplastic, or atherosclerotic. Rupture of a…

B Awake craniotomy 1. Introduction     In a small percentage of patients (those in whom a seizure focus may be suppressed during general anesthesia or may be adjacent to an area of…

A Arteriovenous malformation neurosurgery 1. Introduction

J Thymectomy 1. Introduction     The thymus gland is a bilobate mass of lymphoid tissue located deep into the sternum in the anterior region of the mediastinum. Thymectomy involves two surgical approaches:…

I Thoracotomy 1. Introduction     Thoracotomy is usually performed in an attempt to resect malignant lung tissue, but it may also be performed for trauma; infections; and parenchymal abnormalities, such as recurrent…

H Thoracoscopy 1. Introduction     Advances in videoscopic technology have led to the increased use of thoracoscopy. The procedure used most commonly involves placing the patient in the lateral decubitus position. A…

DLT, Double-lumen endotracheal tube; ETT, endotracheal tube; WEB, wire-guided endobronchial blocker. From Campos JH. Lung separation techniques. In Kaplan JA, Slinger PD, eds. Thoracic Anesthesia. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone;…

F Mediastinoscopy 1. Introduction     Mediastinoscopy involves passing a scope into the mediastinum via an incision above the suprasternal notch. The scope is passed anterior to the trachea in close proximity to…

E Mediastinal masses 1. Introduction     Masses in the mediastinum can compress vital structures and cause changes in cardiac output, obstruction to air flow, atelectasis, or central nervous system changes. Masses can…