Anesthesia Key

G Thoracic aortic aneurysm 1. Introduction     The mortality rate associated with thoracic aneurysms is well established. Patients with aortic dissections have only a 3-month survival time if they do not undergo…

A Adverse cognitive impairment 1. Introduction     Impairments in cognitive functioning from disturbances in the brain’s physiology can easily occur in the surgical patient. Neurologic impairment can be devastating in postanesthesia patients…

F Portosystemic shunts 1. Introduction     Portosystemic shunt procedures are performed to prevent or cease variceal hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension in patients with liver disease, cirrhosis, ascites, and hypersplenism. The redistribution…

D Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair 1. Introduction     In 1991, the first endovascular stent was performed to repair an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The development of this technique has created a less invasive…

C Carotid endarterectomy 1. Introduction     Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are the third leading cause of death in the United States and account for a yearly cost of $14 billion in medical…

B Aortobifemoral bypass grafting 1. Introduction     Aortobifemoral bypass grafting is commonly performed to correct symptomatic unilateral iliac occlusive disease, which generally occurs in men older than 55 years. 2. Preoperative assessment and…

E Magnetic resonance imaging 1. Introduction     MRI uses the dipole moment (the ability of the atomic nucleus to behave as a magnet) of the hydrogen atom. The patient is placed supine…

D Interventional radiology, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and interventional neuroradiology 1. Introduction     Interventional radiology (IR) involves minimally invasive procedures and therapies performed by radiologists, especially in patients at high medical risk. Major…

C Gastroenterologic procedures: Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 1. Introduction     Endoscopy for gastrointestinal procedures is the use of a flexible fiberoptic endoscope that transmits brilliant, coherent, high-resolution, magnified, direct visual…

C Anesthetic considerations for selected cases Pyloric stenosis 1. Introduction     Pyloric stenosis is an obstructive lesion, characterized by the “olive-shaped” enlargement of the pylorus muscle. It is a common gastrointestinal anomaly,…