Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR GENITOURINARY SURGERY Cystoscopy Preoperative considerations: Indications include hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal calculi, and urinary obstruction. Possible procedures include…
Pharmacological Principles
• Most anesthetic drugs are lipophilic, resulting in a Vd that exceeds total body water (∼ 40 L). For example the Vd of fentanyl is about 350 L in adults,…
Renal Physiology and Anesthesia
Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery • General: Reversible decreases in RBF, GFR, urinary flow, and sodium excretion occur during both regional and general anesthesia. Such changes are less pronounced during…
Anesthesia for Patients with Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases
Parkinson Disease • Parkinson disease (PD) is a common movement disorder that typically affects individuals age 50 to 70 years. Clinical signs and symptoms: This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by…
Anesthesia for Neurosurgery
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR NEUROSURGERY Intracranial Hypertension • Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above 15 mm Hg. Intracranial…
Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
Establishing One-Lung Ventilation • A left-sided DLT can be used for most procedures, with the exception of left main bronchus distortion by intra- or extrabronchial mass, compression of left main…
Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Disease
• Pathophysiology: The embolic occlusions will decrease total blood flow into the pulmonary circulation, worsening V/Q ratios and increasing pulmonary shunt and hypoxemia. Pulmonary infarction can occur if bronchial…
Anesthesia for Cardiovascular Surgery
Persistent Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass • Reversing heparin effects: Protamine should be used to return ACT to baseline (usually 1 mg per 100 U of heparin is needed with additional…
Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Endocarditis Prophylaxis • The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) currently suggest (class…
