Basic Principles
I General Section 1 Basic Principles Orthopedic Pain Therapy NOTE Orthopedics is the medical specialism that concerns itself with the musculoskeletal system. As such, it deals with the diseases and…
Diagnostics
2 Diagnostics Medical History Taking a precise medical history is important in the diagnosis of orthopedic pain. Acute pain originating from the musculoskeletal system demonstrates certain characteristics: It is position-dependent,…
The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals
II Atlas Section 5 The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals Terminology The most common forms of acute and chronic pain originating from the spine arise from…
Causal Orthopedic Pain Therapy
3 Causal Orthopedic Pain Therapy The methods used in the causal treatment of spinal pain are basically the same as those used in conservative orthopedic treatment, but with a different…
Special Orthopedic Injection Therapy: Contraindications and Patient Information
6 Special Orthopedic Injection Therapy: Contraindications and Patient Information Contraindications As with all local injections, inflammatory bacterial changes around the injection site (e. g., infected sebaceous glands) and open wounds…
Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines
Figure 33.1 Basic Structure of DAS Guidelines flow chart. Reproduced from Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for unanticipated difficult intubation in adults. C. Frerk, V. S. Mitchell, A. F. McNarry,…
AAGBI guidelines
Figure 25.1 Checklist for Anaesthetic Equipment 2012. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. In the 2012 guidance, the ‘two-bag check’ was…
Scientific principles
Since the lungs have a tendency to recoil inwards, inflation requires an increase in transpulmonary pressure (TPP), generated by the respiratory muscles. As TPP increases, lung volume naturally increases. At…
Preoperative assessment and anaesthetic planning
90% false-positive rateThyromental distanceExtend neck. Measure from tip of thyroid cartilage to tip of mandibleNormal > 7 cm<6 cmPositive predictive value 75%When combined with Mallampati: sensitivity 81%, specificity 97%Sternomental distanceExtend…
Resuscitation algorithms
Figure 30.1 Adult Advance Life Support algorithm. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Resuscitation Council (UK). Figure 30.2 Adult Bradycardia Algorithm. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Resuscitation…
