Simulation in Internal Medicine
Fig. 26.1 Simulation in Internal Medicine clerkships (Based upon data provided within Torre et al. [15] study) Table 26.1 Simulation advantages Scenarios Instruction and assessment Learner Patient safety and care…
Competency Assessment
Category Examples Written and oral assessments Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) Matching and extended matching items True-false and multiple true-false items Fill-in-the-blank items Long and short essay questions Oral exams/vivas Performance-based assessments…
Fibrocystic Change: Involutionary Changes–Breast Cysts
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Breast cysts are a part of the involutionary fibrocystic changes that occur in the TDLUs and seen predominantly in the perimenopausal age group….
Ultrasound Criteria to Assess Breast Lesions
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Knowledge of normal sonographic anatomy of the breast and ultrasound criteria that differentiate or overlap between the benign and malignant breast masses is…
Step-by-Step Approach to Read a Mammogram
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Systematic Approach to Read a Mammogram Mammographic image interpretation involves a systematic search for specific signs and a disciplined adherence to strict search…
Principles and Practice of Image-Guided Interventions
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Image-guided core biopsy is an important part of any breast lesion that warrants further evaluation. Image-guided biopsies can be performed under ultrasound, mammographic,…
Surgical Management of Breast Cancer
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India At least six prospective randomized studies have shown the equivalence for breast-conserving treatment and mastectomy. Breast conservation rates vary in different countries. Other…
Equipment Settings and Examination Technique
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Breast Ultrasound: Equipment Settings and Examination Technique Equipment settings have a critical influence in breast ultrasound. The examination must be performed with a…
Approach to Calcifications
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Calcifications in the breast are encountered very commonly on mammography. The vast majority of calcifications are due to benign causes. However some benign…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
(1) Chennai Breast Centre, Chennai, India Ductal carcinoma in situ is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells within the ducts with no invasion. DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) is…
