Acute life threatening Tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Flail chest and pulmonary contusion Massive hemothorax Cardiac tamponade Potentially life threatening thoracic injuries Simple pneumothorax Hemothorax Pulmonary contusion Tracheobronchial tree rupture Blunt…
Absent distal pulses Expanding hematoma Pulsatile bleeding Palpable thrill Audible bruit In rare cases, with an expanding hematoma in an extremity, no further evaluation should take place, and the patient…
Type Characteristics Injuries Points Skeletal/soft-tissue Group 1 Low energy Stab wounds, simple closed fractures, small-caliber gunshot wounds 1 2 Medium energy Open or multiple-level fractures, dislocations, moderate crush…
Fig. 26.1 The Cierny classification of adult osteomyelitis The osteomyelitis patient according to Cierny et al. can be staged by combining the type of osteomyelitis (I–IV) with the host comorbidities….
A. Primary surgical procedures in the emergency setting 1. Limb-saving procedures: Reduction of large joints, such as hip, knee, by close or open means with temporary stabilization by splint or…
Fig. 9.1 Algorithm for the initial evaluation of the patient with suspected blunt abdominal trauma (FAST focused abdominal sonography for trauma, DPA diagnostic peritoneal aspirate, CT computed tomography, Hct hematocrit)…
Age group Weight range (kg) Heart rate (beats/min) Blood pressure (mmHg) Respiratory rate (breaths/min) Urinary output (ml/kg/h) 0–12 months 3.5–10 <160 >60 <60 2.0 1–2 years 10–14 <150 >70 <40…
Fig. 7.1 Schematic: The dynamics of the initial response of various tissues following injury is often characterized by highly significant secondary cellular damage due to protracted ischaemia and a pro-inflammatory…
1 Contusion or nonexpanding subcapsular hematoma. No laceration 2 Nonexpanding perirenal hematoma, cortical laceration < 1 cm deep w/o extravasation 3 Cortical laceration > 1 cm w/o urinary extravasation 4 Laceration: through…
Fig. 19.1 Open fracture of the right lower limb following a motorcycle accident showing extensive loss of soft tissue injury, periosteal stripping an major wound contamination (Type IIIb following the…
