Anesthesia Key

Fig. 33.1 Schematic of trigger point complex. Permission from Elsevier Diagnosis Currently, there is no accepted gold standard to diagnose a trigger point. The utility of electromyography remains controversial. EMG…

Acute and subacute conditions Chronic conditions Reduce/eliminate symptoms Minimize lost work time Restore to prior functional status Support current functional levels Prevent chronicity Pain relief or control, minimize/prevent disability Prevent…

Fig. 37.1 Ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint There are several myofascial structures that influence movement and stability, the most notable of which includes the latissimus dorsi via the thoracolumbar fascia,…

Fig. 65.1 Intra-operative microscopic image showing posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) inferior to glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and deep to vagus nerve (CN X) Tumors The first description of glossopharyngeal…

Drug Screening cut-off concentrations ng/mL urine Confirmation cut-off concentrations ng/mL (non-regulated) Confirmation cut-off concentrations ng/mL (federally regulated) Urine detection time Opioids  Morphine 300 50 2000 3–4 days  Codeine 300 50…

Fig. 5.1 Postoperative CT head demonstrating a right-sided DBS lead Fig. 5.2 X-ray imaging demonstrating a complete DBS system implant (lead, extension, and pulse generator) Evidence DBS appears to be…

Drug Strength relative to morphine Usual starting oral dose (mg) Dosing interval (h) Onset (min) Morphine 1 10–30 IR: 3–4 30–45 ER: 12 Hydromorphone 5 2–4 4–6 30 Oxycodone 1.5–2…

Fig. 34.1 Bursas in the pelvic area Fig. 34.2 Bursas around the shoulder Fig. 34.3 Bursas surrounding the knee General technique for any joint or bursa injection is relatively standard….