Gestational period Effects Estimated threshold dosea Before implantation (0–2 weeks after conception) Death of embryo or no consequence (all or none) 50–100 mGy Organogenesis (2–8 weeks after conception) Congenital anomalies…
Causes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy Obstetric Non-obstetric Iatrogenic Eclampsia Pulmonary embolism General anesthesia-induced Amniotic fluid embolism Sepsis Regional anesthesia-induced Postpartum hemorrhage Trauma Other medications (e.g., magnesium) Antepartum hemorrhage Myocardial…
Gynecologic Genitourinary Gastrointestinal Ovarian torsion Urinary tract infection Appendicitis Ovarian cysts Pyelonephritis Cholelithiasis/cholecystitis Fibroids Urolithiasis Pancreatitis Round ligament pain – Diverticulosis/diverticulitis Vaginal infections – Bowel obstruction Pelvic inflammatory disease –…
Fig. 11.1 Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations of Pregnancy Emergency Department Evaluation and Management Primary Survey The general principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) apply to all pregnant trauma patients,…
Method Result Nitrazine Amniotic fluid pH 7.1–7.3 turns nitrazine paper yellow; >7.3 is blue Ferning Amniotic fluid crystallizes and appears like a fern, identified under microscope Pooling on speculum exam…
Fig. 21.1 Prefilled dental local anesthetic cartridges. 2.2 mL, 1.8 mL, 1.0 mL Fig. 21.2 Dental local anesthetic syringes Fig. 21.3 (a) Lidocaine 2 % with epinephrine 1–100,000 multidose vial….
Procedure or positioning Nerve(s) compressed Symptoms Arthroscopic surgery of the elbow [3] Posterior interosseous nerve Wrist drop Abduction, dorsal extension, and external rotation of the arm [4] Brachial plexus Variable…
Fig. 12.1 A transverse section through a typical thoracic dermatome at the level of the intervertebral foramen (Modified from Ferrante FM, VadeBoncouer TR. Postoperative Pain Management. New York: Churchill Livingstone;…
Fig. 16.1 Prevertebral region of the neck . The target site for needle insertion in classical approach is marked as asterisk. The breadth of the transverse process is marked as…
Fig. 22.1 Organization of Emergency Department Regional anesthesia Panel A. (1) Acute pain service/anesthesiologist. This is an obvious partner with emergency clinicians. There are few scenarios where the anesthesiology service…
