Chapter Outline Systems Physiology Management of Perioperative Pain Overview of the Nociceptive System Peripheral Nociception Nociceptor Classification Nociceptor Activation Signal Processing in the Dorsal Horn Structural Components Neurochemistry Spinal Mechanisms…
Abstract The metabolic demands of the brain are substantial and must be met with a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen. The cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology is designed to distribute…
Abstract Novel tools in neuroscience (genetic, optical, pharmacological) are being used to advance our understanding of the complexity and functioning of the brain, the primary target of general anesthesia. Anesthesiologists…
Chapter Outline Historical Perspective Structure and Mechanism of Adrenergic Receptors Endogenous Catecholamines Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine Metabolism of Catecholamines Synthetic Catecholamine-Like Drugs D1-Receptor Agonists α 1 -Receptor Agonists Phenylephrine Methoxamine Midodrine…
Abstract Inhaled anesthetics, beginning with diethyl ether, were first introduced into clinical practice in the 1840s. Since then a wide variety of inhaled agents, including ethers, alkanes, nitrous oxide, cyclopropane,…
Abstract Core body temperature is highly regulated in humans by the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamus. General anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia, and drugs such as opioids all reduce…
Abstract Inhaled anesthetics as single agents provide all of the essential features of general anesthesia, including amnesia, unconsciousness, and immobility. Each of these components results from agent-specific actions on distinct…
Abstract This chapter presents a concise description of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with a focus on clinical elements related to anesthesiology. Beginning with a review of the anatomic divisions…
Abstract Recent advances in molecular pharmacology and neuroscience have led to a greater understanding of how anesthetic chemicals can alter the function of the nervous system. Anesthesia through intravenous agents…
Abstract In the 16th century, Paracelsus recognised that any medicinal substance has the potential to do harm, defining the dose as the determinant of whether the substance is a remedy…
