Tachyarrhythmias
0.12 seconds. A wide complex rhythm suggests an aberrancy in the normal conduction system and is usually the result of one of the following: A preexisting or rate-related abnormality within…
Anaphylaxis
Foods: nuts, shellfish, eggs, cow’s milk, soy, wheat Antibiotics: penicillin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline Other therapeutics: methylparaben, rabies vaccine, egg-based vaccines Insect stings Latex Heterologous and human sera Local anesthetics…
Adrenal crisis
Chronic steroid use HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis Autoimmune adrenalitis Congenital (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenoleukodystrophy) Infiltrative (sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, amyloidosis) Cancer Surgery/irradiation Hepatic failure Pancreatitis Table 61.2. Etiologies of acute adrenal insufficiency Drugs (steroids,…
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
Sepsis Urinary tract infection Pneumonia Myocardial infarction Stroke Gastrointestinal bleeding Medication noncompliance Newly diagnosed diabetes Presentation Classic presentation Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dizziness, and weakness. Abdominal…
Pulmonary embolism
Age >40 yearsHistory of venous thromboembolismProlonged immobilization, including long air or ground travelCancerTrauma or major surgeryObesityPregnancyHormonal contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapyAcute illness or inflammatory diseases (such as inflammatory bowel disease)Genetic…
Abdominal aortic aneurysms
AAA diameter (cm) 5-year risk of rupture (%/year) <4.0 cm 0% 4.0–4.9 cm 0.5–5% 5.0–5.9 cm 3–15% 6.0–6.9 cm 10–20% 7.0–7.9 cm 20–40% 8.0 cm 30–50% Table 36.2. Risk factors…
Monitoring
3-Lead or 5-lead ECG system Heart rate Blood pressure Mean arterial pressure Respiratory rate Oxygen saturation Temperature Three electrodes (white, black, and red) are used in 3-lead ECG systems, allowing…
Neutropenic fever
Chemotherapy Radiation therapy to the bone marrow Genetic mutations Transient infections Autoimmune Drug induced Nutritional deficiency Marrow infiltration and destruction Reticuloendothelial sequestration Presentation Classic presentation Without adequate neutrophils, patients can…
Reversal of anticoagulation
Warfarin Inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) and proteins C and S Heparin Activates antithrombin III, leading to inactivation of thrombin and other coagulation…
