Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery
Key Points ▪ Ophthalmic procedures are considered to be “low-risk.” However, the patient population is higher risk because of the extremes of age involved and associated comorbidities. ▪ Some ophthalmic…
Non-Operating Room Anesthesia
Key Points ▪ The non-operating room arena represents an expansion of the traditional environment for anesthesia practice with significant implications for patients and providers. As technology advances and patient acuity…
Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary Systems
Key Points ▪ Innervation of the intraabdominal components of the genitourinary system—the kidney and the ureter—is primarily thoracolumbar (T8-L2). The nerve supply of the pelvic organs—the bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles,…
Anesthesia for Organ Procurement
Key Points ▪ The shortage of organs available for transplantation is a worldwide problem. ▪ The discrepancy between the number of patients waiting for organ transplantation and the available organs…
Anesthesia for Obstetrics
Key Points ▪ The normal physiologic changes of pregnancy begin in the first trimester, affect all organ systems, and alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to many drugs commonly used in…
Prehospital Care for Medical Emergencies and Trauma
Key Points ▪ After World War II, the subspecialty of prehospital emergency medicine evolved with leadership from doctors in anesthesiology. In many countries, prehospital emergency medicine is considered the fourth…
Palliative Medicine
Key Points ▪ Palliative care is an interprofessional approach to symptom management and decision making for patients with a wide range of serious illnesses and is not limited to patients…
Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery
Key Points ▪ In the United States more than two out of three people are overweight or obese. Worldwide, more people are obese than are malnourished. Obesity is becoming the…
Perioperative Acid-Base Balance
Key Points ▪ The presence of a significant acid-base abnormality often signals a sinister underlying problem. ▪ All acid-base abnormalities result from alterations in the dissociation of water. ▪ Only…
Neuromuscular Monitoring
Key Points ▪ Good evidence-based practice dictates that clinicians always quantitate the extent of neuromuscular block by objective monitoring. ▪ The neuromuscular block should be adjusted to ensure optimal surgical…
