Renal Pharmacology
By blocking the carbonic anhydrase, these inhibitors decrease the reabsorption of NaHCO3 by 25–30% and cause diuresis. They have a weak natriuretic effect due to compensatory mechanisms that come into…
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Respiratory Pharmacology
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Ehab Farag, Maged Argalious, John E. Tetzlaff and Deepak Sharma (eds.)Basic Sciences in Anesthesiahttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_12 12. Respiratory Pharmacology Ahmad Maher Adi1 (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA …
Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Ehab Farag, Maged Argalious, John E. Tetzlaff and Deepak Sharma (eds.)Basic Sciences in Anesthesiahttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_11 11. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology Maria Bauer1 (1) Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital,…
Pharmacology of Opioids
Mu receptor Kappa receptor Delta receptor Molecular details and endogenous agonists 7- transmembrane domain G-protein Enkephalins (high affinity) Beta endorphin (high affinity) Dynorphins (low affinity) Subtypes: μ(mu) 1, 2…
The Patient with Haemorrhagic Risk
The following items may suggest a possible haemostatic disorder No Yes Situation never encountered 1. Have you previously consulted a doctor or received a treatment for prolonged or unusual bleeding,…
The Severely Obese Patient
Class BMI (kg/m2) Underweight <20.0 Normal range 20.0–24.9 Obese class 1 25.0–29.9 Obese class 2 30.0–34.9 Obese class 3 35.0–39.9 Obese class 4 40.0–49.9 Obese class 5 50.0–59.9 Obese class…
The Addicted Patient
Agent (drug) Availability Cost Purity/potency Mode of administration Chewing (absorption via oral mucous membranes) Gastrointestinal Intranasal Subcutaneous and intramuscular Intravenous Inhalation Speed of onset and termination of effects (pharmacokinetics: combination…
What Every Anaesthetist Needs to Know About Respiratory and Cardiovascular Dynamics in Patients with Obesity or Intra-abdominal Hypertension
Fig. 7.1 Summary of the most important pathophysiologic effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure on end-organ function within and outside the abdominal cavity. Figure legend: Cdyn Dynamic respiratory compliance, CO Cardiac…
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Anesthesia
Fig. 8.1 Severity of OSA based on AHI It is well known that OSA is often associated with severe complications, major cardiovascular disorders (there is a strong correlation between the…
Aged Patients with a Frailty Syndrome
Fig. 19.1 The frailty cycle (adapted from Ahmed et al. [33]) 19.3 Diagnosing Frailty Despite the numerous scoring systems employed in the perioperative and intensive care settings to assess a…
