Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Fluid replacement therapy is usually initiated with isotonic saline. The initial infusion rate should be 15–20 ml/kg/h for the first 3–4 h (approximately 1.0 to 1.5 l/h for average sized…
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Traditional and Novel Tools for Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury
Stage Serum creatinine Urine output 1 1.5–1.9 times baseline OR ≥0.3 mg/dl (>26.5 μmol/l) increase <0.5 ml/kg/h for 6–12 h 2 2.0–2.9 times baseline <0.5 ml/kg/h for ≥12 h 3…
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Fig. 72.1 Peripheral Smear of DIC Question What is the diagnosis? Answer Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) characterized by endothelial dysfunction,…
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Fig. 34.1 Chest X-ray at initial presentation showing multifocal bilateral alveolar opacities Fig. 34.2 (a, b) Chest CT images performed after hemodialysis showing diffuse bilateral alveolar opacities Fig. 34.3 Sequential…
Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Fig. 37.1 Axial CT brain demonstrating right putaminal hemorrhage (From Brott et al. [1]. Reprinted with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) Question Would early surgical intervention be appropriate in…
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Patient characteristics Points Total score 1-year mortality % (95 % CI) Non-trauma 1 0 4 (0, 9) Requiring vasopressors 1 1 28 (19, 37) Requiring hemodialysis 1 2 43 (35,…
Bacterial Meningitis in the ICU
Fig. 36.1 Gram positive lancet shaped diplococcic confirming Streptococcus pneumonia (Image courtesy of Dr. Valerie Ng at Alameda Health System) During transfer of the patient from the ED, the patient…
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Fig. 87.1 Chest X-ray on admission showing cardiomegaly without significant pulmonary congestion Fig. 87.2 Trans-thoracic echocardiogram 4-chamber view showing enlargement of both left and right ventricles consistent with a dilated…
Leptospirosis
Fig 60.1 (a, b) Generalized jaundice Fig. 60.2 (a, b) Ecchymosis (left) and dark urine demonstrating hemoglobinuria Fig. 60.3 (a, b) Conjunctival suffusion Question What is the diagnosis? Answer Leptospirosis…
Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 21.1 Chest x-ray of patient with ARDS from case study showing bilateral alveolar infiltrates Fig. 21.2 Representative section of chest CT from patient in case study demonstrating bilateral alveolar…
