Retrobulbar Block
Retrobulbar Block Richard S. Ruiz Patient Position: Supine, with the head flat. Indications: Anesthesia for the majority of surgical procedures in and around the eye (e.g., cataract extraction, glaucoma filtering…
PAIN MEDICINE
Cervical Blocks
Cervical Blocks Laurence Marr Indications: The most common surgical indication for cervical plexus block is carotid endarterectomy. General Comments The regional approach to anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy offers several advantages…
Peribulbar Block
Peribulbar Block Didier Sciard Patient Position: Supine, eyes closed in a central position. Indications: Anterior eye segment surgery—cataract, trabeculectomy; posterior eye segment surgery—vitreoretinal surgery; conjunctival surgery, scleral buckle. Needle Size:…
Lower Extremity Multiple-Stimulation Techniques
Lower Extremity Multiple-Stimulation Techniques Andrea Casati The lower limb is innervated by two plexus: the lumbar and the sacral. Among the nerves that emerge from these plexus, the sciatic nerve,…
Lumbar Plexus Blocks
Lumbar Plexus Blocks A. Lumbar Plexus/Psoas Compartment Block Rita Merman Patient Position: Lateral, with the surgical side up. Indications: Anesthesia and immediate postoperative analgesia for hip, femur, or knee surgery….
Ankle Block
Ankle Block Thomas O. Clanton David P. Loncarich Patient Position: Supine, with the leg slightly elevated. Indications: Anesthesia and immediate postoperative analgesia for any surgery below the ankle including bunion…
Terminal Nerve Blocks
Terminal Nerve Blocks A. Axillary Block Ralf E. Gebhard Patient Position: Supine, with the arm abducted at 90° to 110° at the shoulder and flexed 90° at the elbow. Indications:…
Anatomy of the Lumbar and Sacral Plexus
Anatomy of the Lumbar and Sacral Plexus Laura Clark Although knowledge of classic anatomic descriptions is essential to perform peripheral nerve blocks, it is important to recognize that variations are…
Upper Extremity Multiple Stimulation Techniques
Upper Extremity Multiple Stimulation Techniques Andrea Casati Blocks of the brachial plexus and the terminal nerves using a single-injection technique require a large volume of local anesthetics and their diffusion…
Brachial Plexus Blocks
Brachial Plexus Blocks A. Interscalene Block Anthony R. Brown Patient Position: Supine, with the head turned approximately 45° to the opposite side. Indications: Shoulder surgery. Needle Size: 22-gauge, 25-mm insulated…
