Fig. 16.1 The flow of cryogen in a cryoprobe. The majority of the cryoprobe is protected by a shield, allowing the tip to extract heat from the surrounding tissue. The…
(1) Pediatric GI, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge ST, Room 575, Boston, MA 02114, USA (2) GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, GRJ 719, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA KeywordsVisceral…
Fig. 2.1 Incidence of Pediatric IBD over 17-year period in southern Finland. The mean annual incidence rate increased from 3.9/100,000 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.5–5.8) in 1987 to 7.0/100,000…
Fig. 5.1 The concept of experimental pain. The pain system can be considered as a “black box” between the experimental stimulation (input) and the response (output). When input and output…
Fig. 20.1 Stimulating 14-G Coudé needle and multipolar electrode This needle has been used in five patients undergoing peripheral neuromodulation implantation and its easy steerability and stimulation at the introducer…
Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome Abdominal wall hernias and post-herniorrhaphy pain Surgical scars and neuromas Abdominal wall or rectus sheath hematoma Thoracic disc degeneration and thoracic radiculopathy Herpes Zoster infection…
Fig. 12.1 Arrow indicating potential space where local anesthetic is deposited (EO external oblique, IO internal oblique, TA transversus abdominis muscle) Technique Various techniques have been described to use an…
Fig. 23.1 Common causes and location of chronic abdominal pain Table 23.1 Characteristics of abdominal pain Epigastric pain Referred pain from pancreas, stomach and hepatobiliary tree Umbilical pain Small bowel…
Component Visceral Somatic Nerve fiber Ad, C Ab [allodynia], Ad, C End organ silent nociceptors Yes (~80 %) Yes (~20 %) DH laminar synapse I, V, X I-to-V and X…
Etiology Typical diagnostic tests Treatment Organic Gallstones US, HIDA scan Cholecystectomy Cholangitis RUQ US, ERCP ERCP Appendicitis CT scan Appendectomy Peptic ulcer disease Upper endoscopy, H. pylori testing Proton pump…
