Shock is circulatory insufficiency that creates an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand. Tissue hypoperfusion is associated with decreased venous O2 content and metabolic acidosis. Shock is classified into…
Traumatic wounds are common reasons for visits to emergency departments. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The mechanism of injury will help identify risk of foreign body, contamination, and wound complication. A foreign body sensation…
Chronic pain is a painful condition that lasts >3 months, pain that persists beyond the reasonable time for an injury to heal, or pain that persists 1 month beyond the…
Chest pain (CP) is a common ED complaint. The management of these patients can be challenging, is of critical importance, and the clinician should systematically determine if CP is cardiac…
Allergic reactions range from mild cutaneous symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common exposures are medications, insect stings, and foods. Many cases are idiopathic. Half of the fatalities from anaphylaxis occur within…
Figure 5.1. Bony anatomy of the pelvis. Illustration by Yvonne Chow. Focused history and physical exam History Location of pain is important. (see Table 5.1) Trauma Should try to distinguish…
Figure 14.1. Burkhalter splint. Upper Extremity Splints Figure 14.2. Radial gutter splint. Figure 14.3. Ulnar gutter splint. Figure 14.4. Volar wrist splint. Figure 14.5. Thumb spica splint. Figure 14.6. Posterior…
Figure 9.1. Bony anatomy of the cervical spine. Muscles The trapezius, rhomboids, and levator scapulae muscles reside posteriorly. The trapezius runs from the spinous processes of the c- and t-spine…
Figure 11.1. Proper positioning for BESS Balance Testing – Double Leg Stance: Feet together, side by side. Figure 11.2. Proper positioning for BESS Balance Testing – Tandem Stance: Heel-to-toe with…
