35 Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Allyson R. Zazulia, Michael N. Diringer Intracerebral Hemorrhage Spontaneous (nontraumatic) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 10% of all strokes in North America and…
163 Hyperglycemic Comas P. Vernon Van Heerden Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia syndrome (HNHS) are life-threatening syndromes caused by metabolic derangement associated with diabetes mellitus, both insulin dependent…
29 Biochemical, Cellular, and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and Secondary Brain Injury in Critical Care Robert S.B. Clark, Larry Jenkins, Hülya Bayir, Patrick M. Kochanek In this chapter, we…
112 Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism Michelle K. Mcnutt, Rosemary A. Kozar Serum Calcium Concentration The calcium concentration is essential to many physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity…
99 Hepatorenal Syndrome Anahat Dhillon An association between advanced liver disease, ascites, and renal failure was described as early as 1861. It is a form of renal failure occurring in…
84 Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children Duncan Macrae Physiology Circulatory Changes at Birth During the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, major circulatory changes occur which have important…
209 Pelvic and Major Long Bone Fractures Randy Edwards, Orlando Kirton Pelvic and long bone fractures have serious local and systemic consequences for the trauma victim. Familiarity with the sequelae…
52 High-Frequency Ventilation Mah Chou Liang, Niall D. Ferguson, Thomas E. Stewart, Sangeeta Mehta High-frequency ventilation is a collection of ventilator modes in which small tidal volumes are delivered at…
100 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome David Kaufman, Anne Marie Mattingly Definition Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined by abnormal oxygen exchange in association with intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) in patients with liver disease.1…
