Prerequisites Recommendation Alert and cooperative No sedative medications to improve sleep Clinical hemodynamic stability No vasoactive medications Normal gas exchange on room air PaCO2 < 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa), PaO2 > 94…

Absence of distress and stable ABG values on prolonged mechanical ventilation for 5 days Stable clinical conditions (hemodynamic stability, absence of fever or active infection) PaCO2 < 60 mmHg Normal endoscopic examination…

Check for underlying disease and explore severity  Define condition requiring intubation and determine severity  Observe weaning progress  If underlying disease is severe  If condition requiring intubation is minor Choose transfer…

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Antonio M. Esquinas (ed.)Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Difficult Weaning in Critical Care10.1007/978-3-319-04259-6_39 39. Impact of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Unplanned Extubation Emel Eryüksel1   and Turgay Çelikel1 (1) Pulmonary and Critical Care,…

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Antonio M. Esquinas (ed.)Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Difficult Weaning in Critical Care10.1007/978-3-319-04259-6_37 37. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Tetraplegia Michael A. Gaytant1   and Mike J. Kampelmacher1   (1) Department of Home Mechanical Ventilation, University Medical…

CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure APAP Automatic adjustment continuous positive airway pressure BPAP Bi-level positive airway pressure ASV Adaptive servo-ventilation AVAPS Average volume-assured pressure support ventilation 38.2 Definition of Sleep…

Fig. 35.1 Airway pressure versus time with spontaneous breathing, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) 35.4 BiPAP and Preoxygenation in Acute Postoperative Respiratory Failure BiPAP…

Spine fracture Intubation for airway problem GCS at time of extubation Delirium tremens Patients who failed extubation were found to more often require prolonged ventilation (>48 h). Compared with those…

Fig. 34.1 A temporal view of agitation and weaning of mechanical ventilation According to the new classification of weaning given at the Consensus Conference, there are three different groups of…