Neurologic Complications of Neuraxial Block Terese T. Horlocker Denise J. Wedel Perioperative nerve injuries have long been recognized as a complication of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Neurologic complications associated with…
Epidural Neural Blockade Bernadette T. Veering Michael J. Cousins Although techniques of epidural anesthesia do not offer the economy of drug dosage or degrees of blockade of spinal anesthesia, they…
Anatomy of the Neuraxis Quinn H. Hogan Anatomy, the oldest of medical sciences, holds a central position in regional anesthesia because of the obvious necessity of correctly delivering the therapeutic…
Spinal (Subarachnoid) Blockade Mikko Pitkänen History Spinal anesthesia creates an intense sensory and motor block that can effectively be achieved with a small amount of local anesthetic. In the late…
Perioperative Management of Patients and Equipment Selection for Neural Blockade James C. Crews Vincent W. S. Chan The essential elements for optimal perioperative management of patients for neural blockade include…
Neural Blockade: Impact on Outcome Christopher L. Wu Spencer S. Liu The importance of effective management of acute pain is clear from multiple studies documenting the undertreatment of pain and…
Modification of Metabolic Responses to Surgery by Neural Blockade Francesco Carli Thomas Schricker Catabolic Changes Induced by Surgical Stress The endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory response to surgery make up the…
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity Graeme A. McLeod John F. Butterworth IV J. A. W. Wildsmith Systemic toxicity is the term used to describe the clinical symptoms associated with extreme plasma…
Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics John F. Butterworth IV A review of the clinical pharmacology of local anesthetics must consider those factors that influence the usefulness and toxicity of the…
Properties, Absorption, and Disposition of Local Anesthetic Agents Laurence E. Mather Geoffrey T. Tucker We dedicate this essay to the memory of our late friends and colleagues who contributed much…
