Prehospital Pain Management Michelle Welsford Greg Soto Introduction When it comes to managing acute pain emergency prehospital practitioners, similar to emergency department (ED) personnel, are often falling short. Inadequate analgesia,…

Dental and Ocular Pain Tomislav Jelic Hareishun Shanmuganathan Christian La Rivière Shelly Zubert Dental Pain Epidemiology Dental complaints represent 0.4–10.5% of emergency department (ED) visits. Dental complaints can be categorized…

Sickle Cell Pain Jeffrey Glassberg Patricia Shi Epidemiology Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects nearly 100,000 individuals in the United States. The most common reason for emergency department (ED) visits in…

Back Pain Elaine Rabin Nelson Wong Introduction Acute lower back pain is most commonly defined as lower back pain of less than 6 weeks duration. In the emergency department (ED),…

Chest Pain Jessica Hernandez Jarone Lee Introduction Chest pain accounts for 10% of visits to the emergency department (ED). Etiologies of chest pain range from life threatening to benign. Forty-five…

Headache David Ng Epidemiology of Headache The prevalence of migraines is 10%–15%, and females are affected three times more than men. Patients presenting with headache account for up to 4%…

Pediatric Pain Assessment and Nonpharmacological Therapy Tracy Akitt Sadie Bartram Sheryl Christie Karen Paling Introduction Many factors can contribute to how a child perceives pain and copes with anxiety-provoking situations….

Local Anesthetics Brian Levy Jonathan Sherbino Introduction Local anesthetics are commonly used in the emergency department (ED) for laceration repair and regional analgesia. Inca Indians first used cocaine, derived from…

Pharmacology of Pain Management Leanne Drehmer Pharmacology of Pain Management Numerous classes of medications are available for the treatment of pain, and the treatment can be tailored depending on the…