Cardiovascular system
1 Cardiovascular system Anaesthesia and cardiac disease New York Heart Association classification of cardiovascular disease • I Normal cardiac output. Asymptomatic on heavy exertion • II Normal cardiac output. Symptomatic…
ANESTHESIA
Other systems
Chapter 4 Other systems Dental anaesthesia The first dental GA was given by Cotton and Wells in 1844. Currently, 300 000 dental GAs are given per annum (70% children) and,…
Metabolism
CHAPTER 5 Metabolism Endocrinology Diabetes Prevalence is increasing throughout the world, partly related to increasing obesity. Better glycaemic control has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality. The World Health…
Obstetrics
CHAPTER 8 Obstetrics Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy A total of 1% of patients require GA during pregnancy. In the first trimester, there is a risk of organogenesis; in…
Brachial Plexus Blocks
Figure 12.1. Brachial plexus overview: The ventral roots of the fifth cervical through the first thoracic spinal nerves form the brachial plexus. The upper and lower pairs of roots merge,…
Sacral Plexus-Sciatic Nerve Blocks
Figure 16.1. Deep anatomy of the sciatic nerve. The nerve exits the pelvis through the sciatic notch and travels behind the femur to bifurcate just above the knee into the…
Spinal Anesthesia
Figure 6.1. Vertebral column, lateral (A) and posterior (B) views, illustrating the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal segments. Note the curvatures, intervertebral foramina, and interlaminar spaces. (Adapted from Cousins…
Lumbar Plexus Blocks
Figure 15.1. Overview of the lumbosacral plexus. The origin of the lumbosacral plexus is broader than the brachial plexus in the cervical region. The roots of the lumbar plexus emerge…
