B. The synthesis of heroin in 1874 was based on the empirical finding that boiling morphine with specific acids caused the replacement of the two morphine —OH groups by —OCOH3…

TABLE 18-1 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC Stable in solution Absence of pain on injection (venoirritation) or tissue damage from extravasation Low potential to release histamine Rapid onset Prompt…

1. Many of the symptoms associated with preeclampsia may result from an imbalance between the placental production of prostacyclin and thromboxane. 2. The HELLP syndrome is a form of severe…

TABLE 57-1 PRIMARY AFFERENT NERVES a. The dorsal horn includes laminae I to VI and represents the primary sensory compliment of the spinal cord. b. The ventral horn, including laminae…

B. Source of Shocks 1. Electrical accidents or shocks occur when a person becomes part of or completes an electrical circuit (Fig. 8-1). 2. Damage from electrical current is caused…

TABLE 23-4 OSSERMAN STAGING SYSTEM FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 2. Treatment includes administration of anticholinesterase drugs, thymectomy, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Whereas underdosage with anticholinesterase drugs results in skeletal muscle weakness, overdosage…

4. Neurologic System. The patient’s ability to answer health history questions practically ensures a normal mental status (exclude the presence of increased intracranial pressure, cerebrovascular disease, seizure history, pre-existing neuromuscular…

TABLE 32-1 PATIENT FACTORS REQUIRING SEDATION OR ANESTHESIA FOR NONOPERATING ROOM PROCEDURES Claustrophobia, anxiety, and panic disorders Cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and learning difficulties Seizure disorders, movement disorders, and muscular…

TABLE 37-1 PATIENT MEDICAL HISTORY THAT SHOULD BE OBTAINED BEFORE THORACIC SURGERY Dyspnea: quantitate as to activity required to produce; presence may warn of the need for postoperative ventilation) Cough…

FIGURE 39-2. Typical overlap in vascular disease affecting different organ systems. PAD = peripheral arterial disease. 2. In the first 6 weeks after coronary stent placement, noncardiac surgery carries considerable…