Abdominal Tumors
1. Liver tumors are rare in children and generally present as a painless mass. 2. Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver tumor in children. 3. Regional analgesia may be contraindicated in patients with…
ANESTHESIA
Risk Management, Assessment and Quality Improvement
1. Anesthesiologists remain in key position to protect and further advance patient safety. 2. Patient safety organizations (PSOs) provide federally protected venue to accumulate patient safety information and make recommendations on a…
Anesthetic Equipment and Facilities
1. Equipment-related adverse events are rare. Even if equipment is faulty, user error or unfamiliarity often plays a part. 2. Critically ill children with very noncompliant lungs require minimal circuit and ventilator…
Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room
1. Because pediatric anesthetics outside the operating room are performed with increasing frequency, it is important for any institution to have a system in place to meet the service needs and…
Endocrine Disease
1. Children with diabetes presenting for surgery should undergo careful preoperative assessment and perioperative planning with an effort to optimize the patient’s condition preoperatively and to minimize the disturbances in glucose…
Hematopoietic System
1. During fetal life, hematopoiesis occurs in several distinct locations, with sequential timing of cellular elements produced during gestation. 2. The primary problem in anemia is impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood…
Metabolic Diseases and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
1. Hypoglycemia is a common concern. Preoperative fasting must be minimized, and intravenous dextrose must be supplemented in the perioperative period. 2. Lactated Ringer solution should not be used in patients with…
Anesthesia and Childhood Obesity
1. The global pandemic of obesity is a serious public health concern that has affected both adults and children. 2. The etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between…
Management of General Anesthesia
1. Both the parent’s and the anesthesiologist’s interactions with the child during the preoperative visit and induction have significant impact on the child’s postoperative behavior. Distraction, humor, and reinterpretation of medical…
The Eye: Pediatric Ophthalmological Surgery
1. Awareness and management of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important part of the anesthetic care of children undergoing many ophthalmologic procedures. 2. In most ophthalmologic surgeries, the patient must be kept…
